Various materials are used as curing compounds, formwork release agents and other treatments. These are composed of mineral oils, solvents and other chemicals and are usually brush- or spray-applied. They can be singly and cumulatively dangerous, both to operatives and the immediate environment.

Some suppliers, especially those selling to Scandinavian countries, supply biodegradable and recyclable products such as vegetable oil-based concrete release agents (VERAs), water-based sealers, coatings and cleaners that are considered less harmful.

For further information see Concrete and the Environment, published in CONCRETE in September 2001, pp39–46. Copies are available as a free download from the Members Area of the Concrete Society web site.