Water-reducing chemical admixtures can dramatically reduce the amount of water required to achieve the specified workability and durability. In recent years, the use of water recycling systems and admixtures have significantly reduced the water taken from the public supply for concrete mixing.

For further information see Concrete and the Environment, published in CONCRETE in September 2001, pp39–46. Copies are available as a free download from the Members Area of the Concrete Society web site.